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References

Know your BMI

  1. https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/index.html (Last accessed date: 19th Dec 2025)
  2. https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html (Last updated March 19, 2025) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec 2025)
  3. Thomas M Barber, Petra Hanson, Martin O Weickert, Stephen Frank; Published in final edited form as: Obes Manag. 2007 Apr;3(2):69–73.
  4. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks#highbloodpressure (Last Reviewed May 2023) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec 2025)
  5. Susan Sam; Published in final edited form as: Obes Manag. 2007 Apr;3(2):69–73.
  6. Lei Zhu, Bin Zhou, Xi Zhu, Feng Cheng, Ying Pan, Yi Zhou, Yong Wu, Qingna Xu; Int J Gen Med. 2022 Feb 19;15:1821–1831.
  7. Samuel Klein, Amalia Gastaldelli, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, Philipp E Scherer; Cell Metab. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 4.
  8. Sadiya S Khan, Hongyan Ning, John T Wilkins, et. al; JAMA Cardiol
  9. . 2018 Apr 1;3(4):280-287.
  10. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/body-mass-index (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)

Weight Management Approach

  1. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_2 (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  2. Hellas Cena, Luca Chiovato, Rossella E Nappi; J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 May 22;105(8):e2695–e2709.
  3. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/causes (Last updated on March 24, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  4. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet#:~:text=Fruit%2C%20vegetables%2C%20legumes%20(e.g.,additional%20health%20benefits%20(7) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  5. Aditya Mahindru, Pradeep Patil, Varun Agrawal; Cureus. 2023 Jan 7;15(1):e33475. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/walking-for-health/ (Last updated on Dec 15, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  6. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_3 (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  7. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity#management-and-treatment (Last reviewed on Sep 10, 2024) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  8. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/treatment (Last updated on March 24, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  9. Aleksandra Budny, Agata Janczy, Michal Szymanski, Adriana Mika; Nutrients. 2024 Dec 21;16(24):4399.

Infertility

  1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility#:~:text=Infertility%20is%20a%20disease%20of,male%2C%20female%20or%20unexplained%20factors. (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  2. Ana Sustarsic, Vedran Hadzic, Cécil J. W. Meulenberg, et. al; Front. Med., 01 November 2023 Sec. Obstetrics and Gynecology | Volume 10 – 2023
  3. Theocharis Koufakis, Dimitrios Patoulias, Kulvinder Kochar Kaur, et. al; Front. Reprod. Health, 03 February 2025 | Sec. Reproductive Epidemiology | Volume 7 – 2025
    • 3A. Laurent Galio, Laetitia Bernet, Yoann Rodriguez; J Extracell Biol. 2023 Jul 18;2(7):e103
    • 3B. Erica Silvestris, Giovanni de Pergola, Raffaele Rosania, et. al; Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Mar 9;16:22.
    • 3C. Moscho Michalopoulou, Susan Ann Jebb, Alice Hobson, el. Al; Ann Intern Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
  4. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet#:~:text=Fruit%2C%20vegetables%2C%20legumes%20(e.g.,additional%20health%20benefits%20(7) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  5. Aditya Mahindru, Pradeep Patil, Varun Agrawal; Cureus. 2023 Jan 7;15(1):e33475.
  6. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/walking-for-health/ (Last updated on Dec 15, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  7. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_3 (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  8. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity#management-and-treatment (Last reviewed on Sep 10, 2024) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  9. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/treatment (Last updated on March 24, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  10. Aleksandra Budny, Agata Janczy, Michal Szymanski, Adriana Mika; Nutrients. 2024 Dec 21;16(24):4399.
  11. Chad Austin Service M.D., Dhruv Puri B.A., Sultan Al Azzawi B.S. Et Al; Fertility and Sterility
  12. Volume 120, Issue 6, December 2023, Pages 1098-1111

Irregular Cycle

  1. Anju E Joham, Chau Thien Tay, Joop Laven, Yvonne V Louwers, Ricardo Azziz; J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Jun 17;110(7):e2298-e2308.
  2. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/polycystic-ovary-syndrome#:~:text=PCOS%20a%20significant%20public%20health,particular%20related%20to%20metabolic%20problems. (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
    • 2A Wenying Yi 1,2, Haibo Wu 1,2, Weibin Fu 1,2, Huimei Feng; Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024 Feb 20;17:841–849.
  3. Arghavan Ghafari, Malihe Maftoohi, Mohammadamin Eslami Samarin; Endocrine and Metabolic Science, Volume 17, March 2025, 100228
    • 3A: D G Carey 1, A B Jenkins, L V Campbell, J Freund, D J Chisholm; Diabetes. 1996 May;45(5):633-8.
    • 3B: Renato Pasquali M.D.; Fertility and Sterility Volume 85, Issue 5, May 2006, Pages 1319-1340
  4. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet#:~:text=Fruit%2C%20vegetables%2C%20legumes%20(e.g.,additional%20health%20benefits%20(7) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  5. Aditya Mahindru, Pradeep Patil, Varun Agrawal; Cureus. 2023 Jan 7;15(1):e33475.
  6. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/walking-for-health/ (Last updated on Dec 15, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  7. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_3 (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  8. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity#management-and-treatment (Last reviewed on Sep 10, 2024) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  9. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/treatment (Last updated on March 24, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  10. Aleksandra Budny, Agata Janczy, Michal Szymanski, Adriana Mika; Nutrients. 2024 Dec 21;16(24):4399.
  11. Aya A Muhammed Saeed, Sobia Noreen, Farhang H Awlqadr, Et. Al; Health Popul Nutr. 2025 May 2;44:143.

Fatty Liver Disease

  1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21481-liver#function (Last reviewed on 09/26/2025) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  2. https://liverfoundation.org/about-your-liver/facts-about-liver-disease/what-does-your-liver-do/ (Last updated on December 11th, 2025) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  3. Sara Karjoo, Anthony Auriemma, Teresa Fraker, Harold Edward Bays; Obes Pillars 2022 Jul 8:3:100027.
    • 3A Karn Wijarnpreechaa, Elizabeth S. Abyb, Aijaz Ahmedc*, Donghee Kimc; Ann Gastroenterol 2022; 35 (2): 194-202
  4. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet#:~:text=Fruit%2C%20vegetables%2C%20legumes%20(e.g.,additional%20health%20benefits%20(7) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  5. Aditya Mahindru, Pradeep Patil, Varun Agrawal; Cureus. 2023 Jan 7;15(1):e33475.
  6. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/walking-for-health/ (Last updated on Dec 15, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  7. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_3 (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  8. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity#management-and-treatment (Last reviewed on Sep 10, 2024) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  9. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/treatment (Last updated on March 24, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  10. Aleksandra Budny, Agata Janczy, Michal Szymanski, Adriana Mika; Nutrients. 2024 Dec 21;16(24):4399.
  11. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cells-maintain-repair-liver-identified (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  12. Katherine T Brunner, Cameron J Henneberg, Robert M Wilechansky, Michelle T Long; Curr Obes Rep. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.

Heart Disease

  1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24129-heart-disease (Last reviewed on 09/19/2025) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118 (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
    • 2A. Hani N Sabbah; Eur J Heart Fail. 2016 Dec 14;19(4):469–478
  3. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973 (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  4. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet#:~:text=Fruit%2C%20vegetables%2C%20legumes%20(e.g.,additional%20health%20benefits%20(7) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  5. Aditya Mahindru, Pradeep Patil, Varun Agrawal; Cureus. 2023 Jan 7;15(1):e33475.
  6. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/walking-for-health/ (Last updated on Dec 15, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  7. (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  8. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity#management-and-treatment (Last reviewed on Sep 10, 2024) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  9. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/treatment (Last updated on March 24, 2022) (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)
  10. Aleksandra Budny, Agata Janczy, Michal Szymanski, Adriana Mika; Nutrients. 2024 Dec 21;16(24):4399.
  11. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2021/04/22/too-much-belly-fat-even-for-people-with-a-healthy-bmi-raises-heart-risks (Last accessed date: 19th Dec, 2025)

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